Wahi a ka National Fire Protection Association, aia ma mua o 354,000 mau ahi hale i kēlā me kēia makahiki, e pepehi ana i ka awelika o 2,600 mau kānaka a e hōʻeha ana ma mua o 11,000 mau kānaka. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā make e pili ana i ke ahi e hana ʻia i ka pō i ka wā e hiamoe ana ka poʻe.
He mea maopopo ke kuleana koʻikoʻi o nā mea hoʻāla uahi i kau pono ʻia a maikaʻi hoʻi. ʻElua ʻano nui onā mea hoʻāla uahi –ka ionization a me ka photoelectric. ʻO ka ʻike ʻana i ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o nā mea ʻelua e hiki ke kōkua iā ʻoe e hana i ka hoʻoholo maikaʻi loa e pili ana i nā mea hoʻāla uahi e pale i kou home a ʻoihana paha.
ʻIonizationpūlama uahis a hilinaʻi nā ʻōuli photoelectric i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e ʻike ai i nā ahi:
ʻIonizationsʻūlūanā ʻūlū
ʻIonizationnā mea hoʻāla uahi He hoʻolālā paʻakikī loa ia. Loaʻa iā lākou ʻelua mau papa i hoʻopiʻi ʻia i ka uila a me kahi keʻena i hana ʻia me kahi mea radioactive e hoʻoheheʻe ana i ka ea e neʻe ana ma waena o nā papa.
Ke ana ikaika nei nā kaapuni uila i loko o ka papa i ke au ionization i hana ʻia e kēia hoʻolālā.
I ka wā o ke ahi, komo nā ʻāpana kuni i loko o ke keʻena ionization a kuʻi pinepine a hui pū me nā molekula ea ionized, e hoʻemi mau ana i ka helu o nā molekula ea ionized.
ʻIke nā kaapuni uila i loko o ka papa i kēia loli i loko o ke keʻena a, ke hala ka paepae i hoʻoholo mua ʻia, hoʻāla ʻia kahi alarm.
Nā ʻōuli uahi photoelectric
Nā ʻōuli uahi photoelectric ua hoʻolālā ʻia ma muli o ke ʻano o ka uahi mai ke ahi e hoʻololi ai i ka ikaika o ke kukui i ka lewa:
Ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama: ʻO ka photoelectric loanā mea ʻike uahi hana ma ke kumumanaʻo o ka hoʻopuehu ʻana o ka mālamalama. Loaʻa iā lākou kahi kukuna kukui LED a me kahi mea photosensitive. Kuhikuhi ʻia ke kukuna kukui i kahi wahi i hiki ʻole i ka mea photosensitive ke ʻike. Eia nō naʻe, ke komo nā ʻāpana uahi mai ke ahi i ke ala o ke kukuna kukui, paʻi ke kukuna i nā ʻāpana uahi a hoʻohuli ʻia i loko o ka mea photosensitive, e hoʻāla ana i ka alarm.
Pale kukui: Hoʻolālā ʻia nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā ʻōuli photoelectric a puni ka pale kukui. Loaʻa pū kēia mau ʻōuli i kahi kumu kukui a me kahi mea photosensitive. Eia nō naʻe, i kēia hihia, hoʻouna pololei ʻia ke kukuna kukui i ka mea. Ke ālai hapa nā ʻāpana uahi i ke kukuna kukui, loli ka hopena o ka mea photosensitive ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kukui. ʻIke ʻia kēia emi ʻana o ke kukui e ke kaapuni o ka ʻōuli a hoʻāla i ka ʻōuli.
Nā ʻāla hoʻāla hui: Eia kekahi, aia nā ʻano ʻāla hoʻāla hui like ʻole. Nui nā hui like ʻolenā mea hoʻāla uahi hoʻohui i ka ʻenehana ionization a me ka photoelectric me ka manaʻolana e hoʻonui i ko lākou pono.
Hoʻohui nā hui ʻē aʻe i nā mea ʻike hou aʻe, e like me ka infrared, carbon monoxide, a me nā mea ʻike wela, e kōkua i ka ʻike pololei ʻana i nā ahi maoli a hōʻemi i nā ʻōuli wahaheʻe ma muli o nā mea e like me ka uahi toaster, ka mahu ʻauʻau, a pēlā aku.
Nā ʻokoʻa koʻikoʻi ma waena o ka Ionization a meNā Pūlama Uahi Photoelectric
Ua mālama ʻia nā haʻawina he nui e Underwriters Laboratories (UL), ka National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻoholo i nā ʻokoʻa hana koʻikoʻi ma waena o kēia mau ʻano nui ʻeluanā mea ʻike uahi.
Ma keʻano laulā, hōʻike nā hopena o kēia mau noiʻi a me nā hoʻokolohua i kēia mau mea:
Nā ʻōuli uahi photoelectric pane wikiwiki i nā ahi e puhi ana ma mua o nā ʻōuli ionization (15 a 50 mau minuke wikiwiki). Neʻe mālie nā ahi e puhi ana akā hana i ka uahi nui loa a ʻo ia ke kumu make loa i nā ahi noho.
ʻO ka maʻamau, pane wikiwiki iki nā ʻōuli uahi ionization (30-90 kekona) i nā ahi lapalapa wikiwiki (nā ahi kahi e pālahalaha koke ai nā lapalapa) ma mua o nā ʻōuli photoelectric. Hoʻomaopopo ka NFPA i ka hoʻolālā maikaʻi ʻianā ʻōuli photoelectric ma ke ʻano laulā, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā ʻōuli ionization ma nā kūlana ahi āpau, me ka nānā ʻole i ke ʻano a me ka mea.
ʻAʻole i hiki i nā ʻōuli ionization ke hāʻawi i ka manawa hoʻoneʻe kūpono i nā manawa he nui ma mua onā ʻōuli photoelectric i ka wā o ke ahi e ʻā ana.
Ua hoʻokumu nā ʻalemu ionization i 97% o nā "alemu nuisance"—nā hoʻāla wahaheʻe—a, ma muli o ia mea, ua ʻoi aku ka nui o ka poʻe i hoʻopau loa ʻia ma mua o nā ʻano ʻē aʻe o nā mea hoʻāla uahi. Ua ʻike ʻo NFPA i kēlānā mea hoʻāla uahi photoelectric he pono koʻikoʻi ko lākou ma luna o nā alarm ionization i ka ʻike alarm wahaheʻe.
ʻO wai pūlama uahi ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi?
ʻAʻole ka hapa nui o nā make mai ke ahi mai nā lapalapa akā mai ka hanu ʻana i ka uahi, ʻo ia ke kumu o ka hapa nui o nā make e pili ana i ke ahi—kokoke i ʻelua hapakolu—hiki mai i ka wā e hiamoe ana ke kanaka.
Ma muli o ia ʻano, ua maopopo he mea nui loa ka loaʻa ʻana o kahi pūlama uahi hiki ke ʻike koke a pololei i nā ahi e ʻā ana, ka mea e hoʻopuka ana i ka uahi nui loa. Ma kēia māhele,nā mea hoʻāla uahi photoelectric ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hana ma mua o nā ʻōuli ionization.
Eia kekahi, ʻo ka ʻokoʻa ma waena o ka ionization a menā ʻōuli photoelectric i nā ahi e ʻā wikiwiki ana ua hōʻoia ʻia he mea liʻiliʻi, a ua hoʻoholo ʻo NFPA he kiʻekiʻe ke kūlananā ʻōuli photoelectric ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o kā lākou hana ma mua o nā ʻōnaehana ionization.
ʻO ka mea hope loa, ʻoiai hiki i nā ʻōuli hoʻonāukiuki ke hoʻopau i nā kānakanā mea ʻike uahi, e hoʻolilo ana iā lākou i mea ʻole,nā ʻōuli photoelectric hōʻike pū i kahi pōmaikaʻi ma kēia wahi, ʻoi aku ka maʻalahi o nā ʻōhumu wahaheʻe a no laila ʻaʻole hiki ke kīnā ʻia.
ʻIke loa,nā mea hoʻāla uahi photoelectric ʻo ia ke koho pololei loa, hilinaʻi, a no laila ʻo ia ka mea palekana loa, kahi hopena i kākoʻo ʻia e ka NFPA a me kahi ʻano i hiki ke ʻike ʻia ma waena o nā mea hana a me nā hui palekana ahi.
No nā ʻōhumu hui pū ʻana, ʻaʻohe pono maopopo a koʻikoʻi paha i ʻike ʻia. Ua hoʻoholo ka NFPA ʻaʻole i hoʻāpono nā hopena hoʻāʻo i ke koi e hoʻokomo i ka ʻenehana pālua a i ʻolenā mea hoʻāla uahi photoionization, ʻoiai ʻaʻole ia he mea ʻino.
Eia nō naʻe, ua hoʻoholo ka National Fire Protection Associationnā ʻōuli photoelectric me nā mea ʻike hou aʻe, e like me ke CO a i ʻole nā mea ʻike wela, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka ʻike ʻana i ke ahi a hoʻēmi hou aku i nā ʻōuli hoʻomaopopo wahaheʻe.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: Aug-02-2024